Paragraph 14a EnWG: Your Guide for Understanding
What is §14a EnWG?
Starting January 1, 2024, all newly installed controllable devices—such as heat pumps, ev chargers, or battery storage systems—must be able to be remotely controlled by distribution system operators (DSOs) to help ensure grid stability. Even if the DSOs don’t actively control these devices, they must be capable of being remotely managed.
If it turns out that a device isn’t controllable, the operator or the end-user will have to pay for the necessary modifications to make it compliant with §14a.
For devices installed before 2024, they must be upgraded by January 1,2029, to meet §14a requirements.
The rule currently applies only to household devices with a power rating above 4.2 kW. During periods of grid overload, these devices must be reduced to at least 4.2 kW. Additionally, these devices must be registered with the local DSO to participate in the demand response program. Typically, an electrician will help the user register the device with the DSO.
This regulation aims to improve grid flexibility and stability by allowing the grid to better manage fluctuating energy demand, especially when there is a high share of renewable energy.
Key Components of §14a EnWG
Section 14a of the EnWG introduces key changes to grid management, focusing on smarter technologies, grid flexibility, and consumer incentives to create a more efficient energy system.
- Smart Metering and Communication Infrastructure Requirements
Under §14a EnWG, the deployment of smart meters and IoT infrastructure is critical for effective load management, enabling real-time monitoring and data exchange with grid operators for dynamic load adjustments. The DSO limitation signal arrives via a secure CLS connection at the Smart Meter Gateway, from where it is transmitted to the Control Box. The certified box transmits signals via the EEBus protocol to the connected devices, and enjoyelec’s HEMS controller is fully integrated with EEBus for seamless communication. When a reduction signal is received, enjoyelec’s system activates automatically, adjusting the energy usage accordingly.
- Grid Operators’ Authority to Manage Controllable Loads
A central aspect of §14a EnWG is granting grid operators the authority to manage controllable loads. During periods of high electricity demand or excess supply from renewable sources like wind and solar, operators can adjust consumption patterns by controlling flexible loads. This includes temporarily reducing the output of controllable energy-consuming assets, such as EV chargers and heat pumps, during potential grid overloads. By enhancing grid operators’ control, §14a aims to balance supply and demand, prevent grid overloads, and optimise the use of renewable energy.
- Financial Incentives for Consumers
The regulation introduces financial incentives to encourage consumer participation in load management. Consumers can benefit from reduced network charges by allowing grid operators to control their energy-consuming devices. This arrangement not only supports grid stability but also offers consumers a cost-effective way to manage their energy expenses.
How Does the Grid Fee Reduction Work?
Since every household has different energy needs, §14a EnWG provides several options to reduce grid fees, giving you the flexibility to choose the one that works best for you. These options are designed to help lower your energy costs based on your specific situation. Here’s an overview of the available options:
- Module 1: Flat Rate Reduction
This option offers a fixed reduction in grid fees for controllable devices, like heat pumps or electric vehicle chargers. It’s ideal if you don’t want to install separate meters for your devices. The reduction amount is determined by a formula set by the Federal Network Agency and can vary by grid operator, typically ranging from €110 to €190 per year before taxes. This reduction applies year-round, making it a simple way to lower your grid fees.
- Module 2: Percentage-Based Reduction
With this option, you can get a 60% reduction in grid fees, but only if you have a separate meter for your controllable devices. This is a great choice if you’re using energy-hungry devices like heat pumps, as the significant discount can result in major savings, especially with frequent use.
- Module 3: Time-Variable Grid Fee
Available starting in 2025, this option introduces different pricing throughout the day to encourage energy consumption during off-peak hours when the grid is less busy. By shifting your energy use to these cheaper times, you can save on grid fees. However, this option requires advanced digitalization of the grid, so the technical requirements are higher.
Each of these options is designed to meet different needs, offering flexibility depending on your energy usage and setup.
The best option for you will depend on factors like the type of devices you use, how flexible you are with when you consume energy, and the technical setup of your home.
Note: Module 1 and Module 2 were implemented on January 1, 2024, and Module 3 will begin implementation on April 1, 2025.
What does it mean for DSOs?
Grid operators are required to connect new smart devices to the network, but they also have the ability to adjust these devices to prevent overloading the grid. To identify potential problems, operators need to monitor the low-voltage network, which requires upgrading local grids with sensors and smart meters. Additionally, they need advanced software to manage different sections of the grid in a single system. Operators can only make adjustments after assessing the network’s condition and identifying any potential issues. The aim is to control customer devices in real time based on the current state of the grid, ensuring it stays balanced and avoids congestion.
What does it mean for customers?
Consumer Obligations:
- Ensuring Device Controllability: Consumers must ensure that their devices, such as heat pumps and electric vehicle (EV) chargers, can be remotely controlled by the grid operator. This is typically achieved through a communication interface that allows the grid operator to adjust the device’s power consumption during peak demand periods.
- Implementation Options: Consumers have two primary methods to achieve controllability:
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- Direct Control: Ideal for single devices, this option allows the grid operator to manage each device individually.
- Home Energy Management System (HEMS): For households with multiple controllable devices or those generating their own energy, the HEMS offers a comprehensive solution. HEMS enables centralized management of energy consumption and generation, allowing consumers to optimize their usage while maintaining comfort and energy efficiency. With a HEMS, devices like heat pumps or EV chargers can continue running on self-generated power (e.g., from solar panels) even during grid constraints, ensuring that the household’s needs are met without compromising on comfort or power supply.
Consumer Impact:
By ensuring their devices are controllable, consumers can reduce their electricity costs through lower grid fees. This is because grid operators can better manage demand, especially during peak times. Consumers may experience temporary reductions in the output of devices like heat pumps or wallboxes, but it won’t affect the electric car charging, household energy usage, or self-generated solar power.
